2ac Ethical obligations are tautological—the only coherent rubric is to maximize number of lives saved Greene 2010 – Associate Professor of the Social Sciences Department of Psychology Harvard University (Joshua, Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, “The Secret Joke of Kant’s Soul”, www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~lchang/material/Evolutionary/Developmental/GreeneKantSoul.pdf, WEA) What turn-of-the-millennium science … what's distinctive about the philosophy in question Extinction outweighs Bostrom 12 - Professor of Philosophy at Oxford (Nick, directs Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute, Interview with Ross Andersen, correspondent at The Atlantic, 3/6, “We're Underestimating the Risk of Human Extinction”, http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/03/were-underestimating-the-risk-of-humanextinction/253821/)//BB Bostrom, who directs Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute … which would be tremendous under ordinary standards 3.Turn – Capitalism has saved more people from poverty and promotes freedom Vance – PhD in EconomicsLaurence M Vance, adjunct instructor in accounting at Pensacola Junior College, 2005, Mises, Accesssed April 13, 2009, http://mises.org/story/1887 Because it was Marx himself who coined … live longer, healthier, and morepeaceful lives 4.Capitalism is key to the formation of successful space programs Martin 10 (Robert, Amerika, June 21, http://www.amerika.org/politics/centrifuge-capitalism/, accessed: July 2011) Centralization and capitalism are necessary for any … become so padded from outside reality that they completely ignore the world around them Extinction – we have to go to space because of continual growth and resource shortage Garan, 10 – Astronaut (Ron, 3/30/10, Speech published in an article by Nancy Atkinson, “The Importance of Returning to the Moon,” http://www.universetoday.com/61256/astronaut-explainswhy-we-should-return-to-the-moon/, JMP) Resources and Other Benefits: Since we … The first step is a sustainable permanent human lunar settlement 5.Turn – Capitalist models and predictions are accurate key to producing real change – solves the alt HANDS 84Department of Economics University of Puget Sound What Economics Is Not: An Economist's Response to Rosenberg Source: Philosophy of Science, Vol 51, No (Sep., 1984), pp 495-503 http://www.jstor.org/stable/187496 Economic Predictions Much of Rosenberg's … its predictive failings are not as great as Rosenberg would have us believe 8.Capitalism solves war Cudd 10 – Dean of Humanities and Professor of Philosophy @ KU Anne Cudd, “Capitalism for and Against: A Feminist Debate,” Google Book Does capitalism cause more wars? … the necessary condition for capitalist development 9.Despite crises, capitalism is sustainable Buchan 10 (James, April 26, British novelist and journalist who graduated from Oxford University, Correspondent for the Financial Times, The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism, NewStatesman, http://www.newstatesman.com/books/2010/04/harvey-capital-classnothing) Harvey's Marxian language is as … the answer is a resounding 'Yes it can.'" 13 Alt leads to transition wars that kill hundreds of millions – we cannot turn off the current economy Barnhizer —Emeritus Professor at Cleveland State University’s Cleveland-Marshall College of Law (David, “Waking from Sustainability's "Impossible Dream": The Decisionmaking Realities of Business and Government,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, 18 Geo Int'l Envtl L Rev 595) The scale of social needs, including the need for … mitigating the most destructive consequences of our behavior Their inevitability claim is overdetermination- specific factors and explanations outweigh Scott D Sagan, prof of Poli Sci Stanford, ACCIDENTAL WAR IN THEORY AND PRACTICE 2-8-00 www.sscnet.ucla.edu/polisci/faculty/trachtenberg/cv/sagan.doc To make reasonable judgements in such matters … was neither inevitable nor overdetermined during the Cold War A Racism is a product of policy- policy focus key to combat it Jamelle Bouie is a staff writer at The American Prospect 3-11-13 Over at The Atlantic, Ta-Nehisi Coates … has helped destroy it There's no reason racism can't work the same way C Their explosion of the definition of "political" makes effective resistance and social change impossible Adolph Reed, Jr., University of Pennsylvania http://nonsite.org/editorial/django-unchained-or-the-help-how-cultural-politics-is-worsethan-no-politics-at-all-and-why 2-25-13 In addition to knee-jerk anti-statism, … isconnected from any specific practical commitments b Blacks are not socially and ontologically dead – they are ignoring the idea of the African diaspora Ba, 11 (Saer Maty Ba, teaches film at Portsmouth University, researches ‘race’, the ‘postcolonial’, diaspora, the transnational and film ‘genre’, African and Caribbean cinemas and film festivals, “The US Decentred From Black Social Death to Cultural Transformation”, Cultural Studies Review, volume 17, number 2, September 2011, http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/csrj/article/view/2304/2474) A few pages into Red, White and Black, I feared that it would just … race‐blackness connection and mutability of black identities: why? Saër Maty Bâ— The US Decentred 389 Critics of hegemony recreate eurocentrism by denying eastern agency JOHN M HOBSON B.A (Herts), MSc & Ph.D (L.S.E) Prof @ Univ of Sheffield, Is critical theory always for the white West and for Western imperialism? Beyond Westphilian towards a post-racist critical IR , RIS 2007 (33) While the Gramscian conception of hegemony … ubiquity of US power in the world is such that it might well prove reassuring to an American hawk (957) Ahistorical nature of critical IR lets eurocentrism in the backdoor JOHN M HOBSON B.A (Herts), MSc & Ph.D (L.S.E) Prof @ Univ of Sheffield, Is critical theory always for the white West and for Western imperialism? Beyond Westphilian towards a post-racist critical IR , RIS 2007 (33) This discussion culminates with the problem of Gramscian … albeit to varying degrees, other non-Marxist variants of CIRT, to a discussion of which I now turn (98-9) Not all exclusionary ideologies produce violence JOHN M HOBSON B.A (Herts), MSc & Ph.D (L.S.E) Prof @ Univ of Sheffield, Is critical theory always for the white West and for Western imperialism? Beyond Westphilian towards a post-racist critical IR , RIS 2007 (33) Nevertheless, while scientific racism was not … and nor was scientific racism always imperialist (104) Our advantage isn’t based on myopic security discourse—multiple independent fields support our hegemony advantage, prefer our advantage because it is interdisciplinary (this card is in the 1AC Ed made, so if u read it there (and specifically this aprt) just make sure you cross apply it) Wohlforth (professor of government at Dartmouth College) 2009 “ Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War”Project Muse Mainstream theories generally posit that states … directly contradict their material interest in security and/or prosperity William 1ar The slave is not socially dead—life can always improve – the term is totalizing and unsustainable Culbertson, 10 (Laura Culbertson, "Slaves and Households in the Near East", The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Seminars, Number 7, oi.uchicago.edu/pdf/ois7.pdf //kdh) The concept of social death is not without … birth entitlements as a result of becoming a slave