Soil mechanics

Ngày tải lên: 24/05/2014, 21:44

... of Engineers (KIvI), with about 10 00 members 1. 3 Why Soil Mechanics ? Soil mechanics has become a distinct and separate branch of engineering mechanics because soils have a number of special properties, ... foundation of a building For all these problems soil mechanics should provide the basic knowledge Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : INTRODUCTION 1. 2 History Soil...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 23:24

... Cu = D60 D10 (2. 1) In the case of Figure 2. 1 this is about 8.5 This indicates that the soil is not uniform This is sometimes denoted as a well graded soil In a poorly graded soil the particles ... Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : CLASSIFICATION 2. 4 16 Consistency limits For very fine soils, such as silt and clay, the consistency is an important property It determines whether t...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 23:24

... saturated, if S = the soil is perfectly dry Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : PARTICLES, WATER, AIR 3. 3 21 Density For the description of the density and the volumetric weight of a soil, the densities ... the legend Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : PARTICLES, WATER, AIR 3. 4 22 Volumetric weight In soil mechanics it is often required to determine the total weight of a so...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 23:24

... at Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : STRESSES IN SOILS 27 the extreme right in Figure 4. 3 resembles a soil body, with its pore space It can be concluded that the water in a soil satisfies the principles ... instance a photo-elastic or a piezo-electric effect), but in order to study the deformation of soils it is not useful Terzaghi’s notion that the soil Figure 4. 5: Effective stre...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 23:24

... Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : STRESSES IN A LAYER 5. 4 36 Solve the same problem if the depth of the water is 15 m And when it is 100 m 5. 5 A certain soil has a dry volumetric weight of 15. 7 kN/m3 ... total stresses, effective stresses and pore pressures is shown in Figure 5. 5 Again there will be a tendency Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : STRESSES IN A LAYER ... with the depth...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 23:24

... perpendicular to the x-direction, qx = Q/A, see Figure 6. 4 This quantity is expressed in m3 /s Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : DARCY’S LAW 40 per m2 , a discharge per unit area In the SI-system of units ... be small Substitution of equations (6. 4) into (6. 3) gives ∂p µ + qx = 0, ∂x κ ∂p µ + qy = 0, ∂y κ ∂p µ + γw + qz = ∂z κ (6. 6) In contrast with equations (6. 1), which may be use...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 23:24

... the dam Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : PERMEABILITY 7. 2 47 Falling head test For soils of low permeability, such as clay, the normal permeability test shown in Figure 7. 1 is not suitable, because ... follows that Q= Q = −a Figure 7. 2: Falling head test dh dt (7. 5) (7. 6) Elimination of Q from these two equations gives dh kA =− h dt aL (7. 7) h = h0 exp(−kAt/aL) (7. 8) This is...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 23:24

... balanced by a decrease of the flow in z-direction Substitution of (8. 1) into (8. 2) leads to the differential equation Figure 8. 1: Continuity ∂2h ∂2h + = 0, (8. 3) ∂x2 ∂z where it has been assumed ... the situation shown in Figure 8. 1, in which both the flow in x-direction and the flow in z-direction increase in the direction of flow, is impossible If the flow in x-direction increases, the ele...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 23:24

... force of the soil above the tunnel is W = (γs − γw )[2Rd + (2 − π/2)R2 ], (9. 9) the difference of the weight of the soil and the weight of the water in the same volume The amount of soil that is ... such a serious calamity Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : FLOATATION 61 The analysis can, of course, also be performed in the more standard way of soil mechanics stress analysis: de...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 23:24

... be verified by substitution of eqs (10. 5) into (10. 4) Ψ2 Φ1 It follows from (10. 5) that the flow is precisely in x-direction if the value of Ψ is constant in x-direction This can be checked by noting ... the x-direction coincides with the direction of flow, the value of qz is It then follows from (10. 2) and (10. 5) that in that case Φ is constant in z-direction, and that Ψ is constant in x-d...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 23:24

... the solution (11. 4) with respect to r This gives dh Q0 = dr 2πkHr (11. 6) This means that the specific discharge in r-direction is, using Darcy’s law, qr = −k dh Q0 =− dr 2πHr (11. 7) The total ... influence on the groundwater head in the Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : 11 FLOW TOWARDS WELLS 71 point just between the two wells? 11. 2 A well in a circular area of radius 1000 m appears...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 23:24

... this means that in nature it can be expected that the stiffness of soils increases with depth All Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : 12 STRESS STRAIN RELATIONS 74 these effects are indeed observed ... Arnold Verruijt, Soil Mechanics : 12 STRESS STRAIN RELATIONS 76 may be observed, with the discontinuity in the curve indicating the level of the previous maximum load, the preload The...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 23:24