... least time-consuming and the most cost- effective reading. According to schema theory (Goodman, 19 85) , the main reading skills are listed bellow: a. Word-attack skills consist of: - Morphological ... whole reading process. 5 With regard to reading processes, three general descriptions of reading: bottom- up, top-down, or interactive, have been developed over years.Bottom-up models have not ... topic recognition or use of genre or content schemata ( top- down skills) in order to comprehend texts. (Stanovich, 1980: 35) The schema-theoretic model focuses on “how the reader’ schemata, or...